When using the NATIVE_PKCS11 option, BIND will use the PKCS#11 engine specified by the named_pkcss11_engine variable in /etc/rc.conf for *all* crypto operations. This is primarily intended to be used in an authoritative case. If BIND will also be operating as a validating resolver, NATIVE_PKCS11 should not be used, because the HSM will be used for DNSSEC validations, and the HSM is likely to be slower than the CPU for this purpose. Additionally, the HSM might not support all of the PKCS#11 API functions needed for signature verification. GOST If using a chrooted instance of BIND, the OpenSSL engines need to be accessible from within the chroot. If BIND is chrooted in /var/named, this can be achieved by either copying content of /usr/local/lib/engines into /var/named/usr/local/lib/engines, or by creating that directory and adding this line to /etc/fstab: /usr/local/lib/engines /var/named/usr/local/lib/engines nullfs ro 0 0